Parallel turning consists of turning a spindle parallel to it's axis. The whole lenght of the spindle's diameter will be the same. Taper turning consists of turning a spindle down to a diameter at a constant rate. |  |
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To parallel or taper turn we use the skew chisel. Using the skew chisel with a planing action, we can move along the spindle paring away the material. Turning in this way will leave a fine smooth finish on the piece.
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Below is a short video on how to both parallel and taper turn a spindle:
